The Security Council of UN

The Security Council of United Nations has big responsibility under the Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is well organized to function continuously and effectively, as a representative of each of its members that must be present at all times at United Nations Headquarters. The first ever Summit Meeting of the Council was convened at Headquarters, on 31st January 1992 attended by Heads of State and Government of 13 of its 15 members. Previously, the first meeting was held on 1946 at Church House, London.

There are 15 members altogether in this council including five permanent members of UN which are China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States. Based on the outline in the United Nations Charter, the power of UN Security Council is mostly including of the establishment of peacekeeping operations and the international sanctions with the authorization of military action.

Security Council Discusses Situation in Somalia

The precidency of the security council is held in turn by the members of the Security Council in the English alphabetical order of their names. Each President holds office for one calendar month.

There are several functions and powers exercised by this Council. This is important to ensure the Security Council is always uphold its principle according to UN Charter. The various functions are:

To maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations

-To investigate any dispute or situation which mightlead to international friction;

-To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement

-To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments;

-To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken;

-To call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force -to prevent or stop aggression;

-To take military action against an aggressor;

-To exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas".

The Security Council also is very committed in resolving various problems regarding peace condition in certain countries. The establishment of resolution under the Sanctions Committees draws their objective clearly to maintaining peace and security. The resolution concerning Rwanda, Somalia, Sierra Leone and Al-Qaeda with Taliban are the efforts made by them to overcome problems in those countries.

written by: Nur Syazwani Mohd Yusoff A127014

source of article: official website of United Nations. The link is http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/

The Major Achievements of the United Nations

The formation of The United Nations was established because of the devastating war.

The main objective of this organization are to balance up the international relations and give more peace and secure foundation for the world. In conjunction with that, the threat of nuclear war and regional conflicts have make the peace-keeping become the main agenda of United Nations.

The United Nations has become much more than a peace-keeper and forum for conflict resolution. This is because the United Nations and its family of agencies take every aspects of humans lives around the world regard as an important issue.

Since 1945, United Nations has realize plenty of achievements based on their target.

The following are several of the major achievements of the United Nations :

Maintaining Peace and Security

United Nations as of September 2001, has deployed a total of 54 peace-keeping forces and observer missions and out of that 15 active peace-keeping forces has been able to restore calm to allow the negotiating process to go forward while saving millions of people from becoming casualties of conflicts.

Promoting Democracy

To create a democratic countries, United Nations has provided electoral advice, assistance and monitoring of results during the election. This will ensure the citizen of the country to participate in free and fair elections. Countries such as Cambodia, Namibia, South Africa and East Timor have the involvement of United Nations in their general elections.

Preventing Nuclear Proliferation

In order to minimize the threat of nuclear war, the United Nations through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has conducted inspection of nuclear reactors in 90 countries to ensure that nuclear materials are not being used for military purposes.

Ending Apartheid in South Africa

The United Nations was responsible to the downfall of the apartheid system in South Africa. This was due to events ranging from an arms embargo to a convention against segregated sporting events which the General Assembly called 'a crime against humanity'. Since then, in April 1994 an elections were held in which all South Africans were allowed to participate and a majority government was established.

Reducing Child Mortality Rates

Since 1960, child mortality rates has been reduce to 50%, thus increasing the life expecting from 37 to 67 years. This was achieved through oral rehydration therapy, water and sanitation and other health and nutrition measures undertaken by United Nations agencies.

Functions and Powers of the General Assembly

1. Forum for multilateral negotiation

The general assembly was established in 1945 under the Charter of the United Nations (UN). It takes place as a central position as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. The general assembly provides a unique dialouge for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter and it is consists of 192 members of the UN.

It also acts a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. From September to December each year, the assembly meets in regular session intensively and thereafter as required.

2. Functions and powers of the General Assembly

As stated in the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly may:

1. Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament;
2. Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it;
3. Discuss, with the same exception, and make recommendations on any questions within the scope of the Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations;
4. Initiate studies and make recommendations to promote international political cooperation, the development and codification of international law, the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and international collaboration in the economic, social, humanitarian, cultural, educational and health fields;
5. Make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation that might impair friendly relations among nations;
6. Receive and consider reports from the Security Council and other United Nations organs;
7. Consider and approve the United Nations budget and establish the financial assessments of Member States;
8. Elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council and the members of other United Nations councils and organs and, on the recommendation of the Security Council, appoint the Secretary-General.

The assembly may also take action if the Security Council fails to act, owing to the negative vote of a permanent member, in a case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression pursuant to its “Uniting for Peace” resolution of November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)) [PDF], . in order to maintain or restore international peace and security, the Assembly can consider the matter immediately with a view to making recommendations to Members for collective measures.

The assembly has, nonetheless, initiated actions—political, economic, humanitarian, social and legal—which have affected the lives of millions of people throughout the world, while it is empowered to make only non-binding recommendations to States on international issues within its competence.

3. The search for consensus

Each Member State in the Assembly has one vote. Votes taken on designated important issues, such as recommendations on peace and security and the election of Security Council members, require a two-thirds majority of Member States, but other questions are decided by simple majority.

Special effort has been made to achieve consensus on issues in recent years, rather than deciding by a formal vote, thus strengthening support for the assembly’s decisions. After having consulted and reached agreement with delegations, The President can propose that a resolution be adopted without a vote.

siti noradila bt jamal (A130152)

resource:

http://www.un.org/ga/about/background.shtml

The history of United Nations

The name "United Nations", created by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was officially used for the first time in the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. ( United Nations Publication 2005 )

On 25^th April 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states.

United Nations was officially established on October 24, 1945, after the Charter was ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council, the United States, United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, Republic of China and most of the other 46 signatories. The first General Assembly held at Church House, London, United Kingdom on January 10, 1946 participated by 51 countries. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24^th October each year.

written by najwa hazirah halmi A130157

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